A Think Twice Review of:

Review of Productive Struggle: How Artificial Intelligence is Changing Learning, Effort, and Youth Development in Education

Think Twice - Oct 21, 2025

Publisher/Think Tank - Bellwether

Author(s) - Amy Chen Kulesa, Marisa Mission, Michelle Croft, and Mary K. Wells

A recent report from Bellwether considers the role of generative AI (GenAI) in education, posing the question: When does the ease afforded by GenAI enable deeper learning, and when is ease merely a shortcut with hidden costs?

Reviewer(s) - Thomas M. Philip, University of California, Berkeley

Thomas M. Philip of the University of California, Berkeley reviewed Productive Struggle: How Artificial Intelligence is Changing Learning, Effort, and Youth Development in Education. He found that while the report raises important questions, its analysis is limited.